Precautionary measures

In places where the wireless signal is weak or intermittent, use an autonomous recorder with the camera or supply the gadget with a memory card for autonomous recording. Voltage drops are eliminated using power stabilizers.

The charge of autonomous power supplies should be checked. It is advisable to periodically change passwords and network settings: no one is immune from the actions of hackers and crackers of electronic security systems. Communication with the product is created via the Internet, so the mayor adheres to precautions when working on the Internet, use antivirus software.

There are general precautions for cameras without special protection.

It is recommended to avoid:

• Power surges; temperatures above 60;
• Places near heating appliances;
• Environments with strong electromagnetic radiation;
• Places with strong vibration (for cameras without a special stabilizing device);
• Proximity to water, humidity, if the device does not have special protection.

Design

Standard elements of IP clamps:

• Power supply: unit, self-contained battery that responds to damage or disconnection of wired power, PoE (Power over Ethernet). power over twisted pair;
• Network connection interface, integrated WI-FI;
• Illumination, IR-cut filter, aperture, correcting the luminous flux;
• Motion sensors (temperature, humidity, volume)
• USB outputs, memory card slot;
• Microphone, speaker.

The device is equIPped with a varied arrangement of power supplies, communication connections (WI-FI, 1 RJ 45 10 M / 100 M Ethernet), slots for memory cards, USB ports. Outdoor cameras use anti-vandal coating, metal casing. For internal cameras use hard impact-resistant plastic, there are models with metal cases.

Form Factors: Dome, Cylindrical, Rectangular, Flat (Panoramic, Fisheye), Square Round Stand, Miniature Cameras.

Dome devices are a camera hidden by a transparent shockproof dome. Disadvantages: when replacing the lens, NOT everyone will fit due to the limited GoPro spaces inside, the hemisphere makes it difficult to replace parts (lens) during camera operation.

Manufacturers and models. How IP surveillance cameras work

Network or IP surveillance camera. a camera that transmits data streams in digital format, Using Ethernet networks, TokenRing, IP protocol.

The princIPle of constructing IP surveillance is identical to a computer local network with the introduction of routers, routers, communication via cable or WI-FI.

The device is a network device with a separate IP address, web interface. This is a mini-computer performing narrowly focused work. receiving., an audio signal, compressing data using software methods (codecs), transmitting them to a receiver.

The camera transmits information immediately only to the Internet or simultaneously to an autonomous recorder or computer. It does not depend on a fixed observation point. Information is transmitted via a network cable or WI-FI. The device is powered by the power supply through power supplies or autonomous built-in batteries.

The described device belongs to the type of webcams. But they are improved and adapted for visual observation, recording and transmission. Sound (see Surveillance camera with recording). It is a one-piece, self-contained, networked device.

Image matrix data is compressed in several ways: frame by frame (MJPG) or streamed (MPEG-4, H.264). Some cameras transmit uncompressed information. The IP fixer uses TCP, UDP transport network protocols.

Network elements:

• Cameras (single or network);
• Routers (access points);
• Separate IP registrar;
• Signal receiver, it is also a control and adjustment panel: computer, smartphone, tablet;
• Power supplies (pulsed or conventional)
• Relay for controlling external devices (electric locks, lighting).

The IP camera works as follows. One or more devices are connected via a network cable or WI-FI to a computer with the appropriate software for it. A network is created like a local computer.

The router is being configured. The network values ​​are registered for the camera: IP address, DNS, subnet parameters. After that, the computer recognizes the device. the transmitted image appears on the screen.

An example of a ready-made surveillance kit with IP devices:

• External and internal chamber;
• Network cables;
• IP registrar;
• Fasteners;
• Hard disk (kits and without it are sold);
• Power supplies.

Exploitation

Data compression is performed using three codecs: MJPEG, MPEG 4 or H.264 / h.264. If you are constantly recording and you need to save space in the storage, it is recommended to choose a gadget with the H.264 codec.

To increase the speed of the channel and reduce its overload, reduce the resolution, quality or frame rate of the broadcast

To get started, the camera is connected to the power supply, to the router (with a cable or activate WI-FI). Configure the router and network parameters. The offline recorder is configured in a similar way. The drivers sold with the product are installed on the computer. Next, launch the appropriate program on it. the device is ready to work.

Viewed from dozens of cameras on one screen. Their parameters. brightness, contrast, rotation, approximation. are configured via client software, web browser. There are special services on the Web for THESE purposes.

During operation, it is advisable to regularly check whether the lens of the device is dirty, to check the operability of the rotator. When using an autonomous recorder, the quality of the recorded information is periodically checked, the free space on its drive.

Typically, when installed, cameras provide 5cm sides for ventilation. Dust cleaning is carried out once a year or more often.

Malfunctions

The recorder or computer does not see the camera. Solution: Reconfigure the network values ​​(correctly register IP, subnet mask, DNS). If everything is done correctly, the problem is in the connectors, cables, outputs. The wire is checked for breaks, and the outputs and connectors are checked for lags. The problem is solved by replacing the cable, soldering the loose parts.

The camera will not turn on. Solution: connect with a new cable to a second source and power supply.

Self-overload, shutdown / enable. Solution: flashing.

A lightning discharge can disable the camera for some time or permanently, and burned the board. In the first case, only the replacement of the board in the service center, in the second, the device is rebooted, reconfigured and continues to work.

Blurred image, background of a different shade (pink, blue). breakage of optical parts (lens, matrix). Possible reasons: skew, lens play, fogging, contamination of the matrix, IR filter. Exit: wIPe the image matrix, loosen the screw that attaches the lens to the matrix, replace it or the IR filter, replace or fix the lens pad.

IP surveillance cameras

In the market of security services, audio, surveillance and fixation, the IP digital surveillance camera confidently Occupies a large segment.

She uses cable and wireless technologies to transfer information.

Hikvision

One of the leaders in its segment, has a highly focused specialization. surveillance devices, P2P cameras, recorders and other related equIPment. Although the company is headquartered in China, its products are of high quality. The manufacturer has a developed network of representative offices around the world.

Hikvision DS-2CD2542FWD-IS	DS-2CD2612F-IS	HIKVISION DS-2CD2432
A type
External / internal, swivel, dome, with anti-vandal protection.	Street with protected body.	Internal.
Resolution
4 MP / 2688? 1520	1.3 Mp / 1280×960	3 MP / 2048? 1536
viewing angle
106 horizontal; 57 vertical; 128 Diagonal.	80. 28.7	98 horizontal.
IR illumination, audio
IR illumination up to 10 m. Microphone, speaker.	IR cut filter and illumination up to 30 m.	IR cut filter, microphone, speaker.
Connection type
WI-FI 1 RJ45 10 M / 100 M Ethernet	1 RJ45 10 M / 100 M Ethernet (wired).	WI-FI outdoors up to 200 m, up to 50 m inside. 1 RJ45 10 M / 100 M Ethernet
compression
H.264 / MJPEG / H.264	H.264, MJPEG	H.264, MJPEG

Model DS-2CD2542FWD-IS. a typical dome lock suitable for uneven lighting, has a noise canceling function, can be rotated 360

The DS-2CD2612F-IS is designed for outdoor use, equIPped with a protective case. It is an inexpensive optimal solution for outdoor surveillance.

DS-2CD2432. the camera is intended for indoor use, the high-quality 3 megapixel camera deserves attention.

Types of IP surveillance cameras

Varieties of cameras depending on the variability of the tilt angle:

With fixed viewing angles: standard, wide-angle, telescopic. The device is equIPped with a lens with variable or fixed focus

PTZ cameras with variable angle and focus, with PTZ mechanisms (PTZ cameras). This camera is equIPped with a wide-angle lens. The angle of inclination of the gadget is 180 and more, shooting can be carried out at 360

panoramic cameras. They do NOT need to rotate. they simultaneously fix the space 360 ​​without turning and tilting. The image is displayed with one or two semicircular images or Several squares with adjustment of direction, approximation, scale, brightness for each image.

Types depending on the place of application:

• Outdoor: with a protective casing, anti-vandal coating, heating elements, lighting;
• Internal.

Wi-Fi surveillance cameras

The standard set of Wi-Fi surveillance cameras consists of:

• Power supplies, battery chargers, stand-alone devices for operation in case of network outages (optional: the camera can be equIPped with PoE connectivity)
• Lens;
• Night vision functions (optional: IR illuminators, mechanical or software infrared filters)
• Speaker and microphone (optional)
• USB-out ports;
• Removable memory card slot (optional).

The design of the camera differs in shape, mounting features and protective mechanisms.

Attention should be paid to dome cameras and panoramic surveillance systems. The dome is considered a good type of design, as it hides the lens movement. It has the function of protecting against external damage and dirt. If the dome does not clean, the image shows mud stains after rain.

The disadvantage of dome, panoramic IP cameras is distortion or partial illumination of the image due to the reflection of the glare of the IR illumination of the camera from the dome. At night, panoramic shooting produces a lower quality image.

How does Wi-Fi surveillance camera work

The princIPle of operation of cameras is similar to a computer system, which uses routers, local networks and setting up routing through an online network.

The camera is considered a standalone device with an IP address. It broadcasts. and audio signals, compressing information with codecs for recording on a carrier. It can be a registrar, a computer or a cloud service on the Internet.

The camera is powered by a power supply or a built-in battery. Models that are capable of recording data and storing them on a separate medium are simultaneously a recorder. Other types of cameras work in the network, that is, they do not have a database of information storage.

Network elements:

• Router (access point);
• Power supply (standard or impulse)
• Separate recorder (depending on configuration)
• Control panel (signal receiver).

Precautionary measures

To avoid voltage surges, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are installed.

For the safety of information, it is recommended to hide the SSID (the name of your wireless network by which the Connected devices are identified) and periodically change the network access password.

General Precautions:

• Operation at temperatures over 55 degrees is not recommended;
• DO NOT install cameras near heating appliances;
• Avoid areas with strong electromagnetic radiation (high voltage power lines)
• DO NOT install in areas with high humidity (provided that the device is not equIPped with a hermetic housing).

If the device is not visible on the computer, it is recommended to check the operation of the camera by connecting to it via a cable. Check network settings (IP address).

Working mechanism

Surveillance cameras are connected to a computer or other access point via a Wi-Fi network through routers and routers.

Additionally, software and drivers are installed. To configure the router, you need to register the IP address parameters with a DNS server.

The signal is divided into several categories of range:

• WPAN. Personal Network Category.
• WLAN. local wireless network.
• WMAN. Long Distance Direct Transmission.
• WWAN. low speed signal transmission.

Modern surveillance cameras operate on the basis of the international 802.11 standard. Depending on the subtype of standardization, the signal speed will decrease due to the range of distance when transmitting information.

You should also take into account the factor of obstacles. waves are reflected from surfaces, for example, if they meet with aluminum objects, an echo-shaped signal may appear. Therefore, for such cases, a repeater is used, which receives signals and transmits them to the next point.

The transmission speed will be reduced due to the time taken to pass through the repeater.

Depending on the viewing angle, devices are distinguished:

• Fixed view;
• With mobile focus and viewing angle;
• With swivel mechanisms;
• Fixed all-round view.

Depending on the installation area, cameras are divided into outdoor and indoor.

Amcrest

Leading manufacturer of IP intercoms, surveillance and communication systems. Specializes in the development of cameras for outdoor and indoor surveillance, walkie-talkies and audio equIPment for listening to objects. Manufacturer from China, has established itself in the USA and Europe.

Amcrest IP2M-841B	Amcrest IPM-721S	Amcrest IP2M-842
view
Internal, swivel	Internal, swivel	External / internal with protected housing, swivel
Resolution
1080 (TVL 1920)	720 (1280TVL)	1080P (1920TVL)
tilt angle
90	85	72
IR illumination
there is	there is	there is
Removable storage
there is	no	no

Amcrest IP2M-841B. Indoor Night Vision Camera, Full HD 1080P. 30fps, configurable via IPhone or Android.

Amcrest IPM-721S. indoor surveillance camera with two-way talk, zoom, secure data transmission using AES encryption protocol.

Amcrest IP2M-842 is an outdoor surveillance system. EquIPped with a weatherproof enclosure (IP 66).

All Amcrest models are free to connect to AmcrestCloud for live viewing.

China-based iON surveillance camera manufacturer has proven its worth. Models can withstand up to 10 m underwater without the use of body protection.

Some cameras are equIPped with quick response modules. They come with additional software from the manufacturer and have their own Cloud service. Registration is required to use it.

Ion 1011L Air Pro Lite	iON DashCam View Angle	iON 2002 The Home
view
sports	Automotive	Internal
Resolution
1080p and 720p	HD 1080p / 30fps and 720p / 30fps	1080p and 720p
tilt angle
170	125	102
degree of protection
IP66	IP66	IP66
Removable storage
there is	there is	no

Ion 1011L Air Pro Lite. Sports, Mobile Camera, Waterproof, Comes with Bike Mount.

Ion DashCam View Angle is a car camera with the ability to view and send. DashCam function detects engine start and automatically starts recording.

Ion The Home. has motion and noise sensors. Thanks to the built-in microphone, it can be used as a two-way communication device.

Wi-Fi surveillance camera manufacturers and models. Wi-Fi surveillance camera

Wi-Fi surveillance cameras (IP) are digital wireless devices equIPped with a CMOS sensor, a built-in recorder (the function is optional) and data compression processors.

Information is transmitted over digital data channels using TokenRing and Ethernet networks, Using IP data protocols.

Pros and cons of Wi-Fi surveillance cameras

Advantages of Wi-Fi cameras include the ability to connect multIPle devices simultaneously to one access point and more secure stream transmission.

Mobility. if necessary, the device is dismantled from one place and mounted on another, and not disconnected from the network (provided that an autonomous power source is used).

Disadvantages:

• Basic knowledge is required in working with the network, setting up a router, router and setting up a DNS server, registering an IP address.
• Over a large area (over 75-80 square meters), auxiliary routers and routers are required to enhance data transmission. Also, if additional devices are available, it is necessary to configure all signal path points.

Exploitation

Before introducing the device, you need to test power and connect to the router. Connection is carried out in the presence of a computer and a Wi-Fi network. Next, register the network parameters. The camera drivers are installed on the computer, the device is started through the software package.

If there are two or more cameras, the connection is made to the same computer. With the installed navigation software package, several devices are viewed simultaneously. Cameras are controlled. rotate, change the angle of inclination, brightness and contrast.

Continuous recording (with this function) of the image will require the maximum amount of memory (HDD). Therefore, it is necessary to use MJPEG, MPEG-4, H.264 codecs.

During operation, you need to periodically check the devices for contamination and the health of the devices.

All ways to find out the IP address of a surveillance camera. standard and not only

Any surveillance camera operating over the Internet Protocol (IP) has its own specific address. It consists of four digital groups, which are necessarily separated by dots. Each of the numbers can accept a value from 0 to 255, so the network address of the surveillance camera may look like this: 145.22.0.246. At this address, the network device can transmit or receive data. After installing the surveillance system (we discussed how this is done here. http: //kontroldoma. Ru /nablyudenie-svoimi-rukami /), you need to find out the IP camera address in order to receive information from it.

Definition of IP address

The surveillance system is designed to monitor the situation in a specific room or on a site within the range of the camera. It can consist of any number of cameras. To view images from analog cameras, just connect the coaxial cables to the recorder and switch the multIPlexer, you can view the image from any camera.

The situation is different with IP cameras. Before getting an image from such a device, you need to organize a local network, and the Internet protocol includes the mandatory addressing of all network components. Therefore, to work with an IP-camera, you need to know its address. There are several ways to determine the address of a surveillance camera.

It will be a little more difficult for those who purchased a surveillance camera from their hands and there is no documentation for it. Since the address of the camera is unknown, and there is no way to find out it, you should reset all settings and return to the factory settings. For this, a Reset button is provided on the camera body. It is usually located next to the power connector or Ethernet jack. It needs to be pressed and held for a few seconds. As a result, all existing settings will be reset. To avoid accidental pressing, the button is located in a small depression, so press it with a thin object.

After resetting someone else’s settings, the camera will retain the addresses set at the factory.

Address of IP cameras from the manufacturer

Each security camera company assigns its product addresses. As a rule, all cameras from the same manufacturer have the same digital code and the same password and login. After installing the IP camera in the network, the user needs to change the device details to their own. The list of IP addresses of surveillance cameras from different manufacturers includes the most famous companies.

RVI

RVI products are well known in the market. This is an IP camera designed for both indoor and outdoor installation. Manufacturers use addresses 192.168.1.108, and the word admin is used as login and password.

Beward

Surveillance cameras from Beward are distinguished by high image quality and advanced functionality. They do NOT belong to the budget class and are quite expensive. Manufacturers use the address 192.168.0.99 and 192.168.0.158. Password and login. admin.

Microdigital

Microdigital from South Korea directly supplies equIPment to the domestic market. IP surveillance cameras are of high technical characteristics. They are optimized specifically for the Russian consumer. Standard camera addresses 10.20.30.40, and additional requisites. root.

PEYE

Surveillance cameras from IPEYE equIPped with a powerful processor give a FullHD picture and are considered the best on the Russian market in terms of price / quality ratio. Manufacturers use the following details: 192.168.0.123 admin 123456.

Dahua

Dahua is considered one of the world’s leading companies in the design and manufacture of digital devices. For the release of security and surveillance systems, this company ranks second in the world. The factory details of the cameras are as follows: 192.168.1.108 and admin-admin.

Hikvision

Hikvision’s IP cameras have proven themselves well in both domestic and industrial surveillance systems. The devices use the most modern technical solutions. For its systems, the company supplies Developed software. Factory settings include address code and login details. 192.0.0.64 and admin 12345.

Polyvision

Polyvision digital cameras are of high quality and in the mid-range. They are designed for a wide range of users. Cameras are integrated into any security systems, including Smart Home. All products of the company are Russified and supplied with software. Factory details of surveillance cameras: 192.168.1.10, admin.

After connecting the camera to the network and entering the settings menu, all the details can be changed. When setting a new address, it is necessary that the device belongs to the same subnet as the computer.

Software methods for determining the IP address

If necessary, you can find out the surveillance cameras in other simple ways. One of the most accessible ways is using the command line in the Windows operating system.

You need to do the following:

• Click Start
• In the line Find programs and files, type cmd
• In the window that opens with a black background, type IPconfig or IPconfig / all and press Enter
• The system will show the address of all devices connected to the network

Before searching for addresses, make sure that the cameras of the surveillance system are connected to the network and are powered.

In addition, there are free utilities that allow you to easily find the address of surveillance cameras.

They can be divided into two groups:

• Universal utilities
• Utilities from a specific GoPro camera manufacturer

The most popular universal utilities are AngryIPscanner and AdvancedIPscanner. These products scan at high speed, provide complete information about each network device, and have a simple and intuitive interface. You can download them from the developer’s website. To detect surveillance cameras, you need to specify a range of addresses and launch the scanner. If the subnet is not known, then you need to enter the range of its search from 0 to 255 and the address within the same limits.

If the manufacturer of surveillance cameras is known, then you can use special utilities to determine the addresses.

• RVI. Config Tools
• Beward. Device Search
• Microdigital. IP Installer
• Aircam. Ubnt-discovery
• IPEYE. UC244
• Hikvision. SADP IP-finder

Conclusion

If cameras of the same GoPro are installed in the surveillance system, then initially they have the same address. In order not to be mistaken, you need to assign new addresses sequentially, connect one camera at a time and assign a new address to it. In order not to do unnecessary work, you need to be sure that the cameras are fully functional.

Advantages and disadvantages of IP cameras

As mentioned above, the user often does not understand the features of how IP monitoring works. It offers the same access method as an analogue recorder system. But there are Notable, Tangible advantages and some disadvantages of digital solutions.

The advantages of IP surveillance include:

• Scalability (routers, network zoning, internal addressing schemes)
• Distribution (remote access from anywhere in the network, including the Internet)
• User access control, simultaneously providing everyone with their own set of functions;
• Easy integration into computer networks, stream ready for processing and storage;
• Software handlers (motion sensors, pattern recognition and much more);
• High image quality and flexible adjustment of the compression rate;
• Reliability;
• Easy integration into any data transmission systems.

Disadvantages of digital solutions, in fact, come to the surface only when designing and implementing large-scale surveillance systems.

• High price;
• Limited range of the communication line of one camera, 100 meters, a common feature of the twisted pair network;
• The need for high qualifications of performers, a certain set of knowledge for the design of a large system;
• It is impossible to do without a clear GoPro calculation of the required network bandwidth;
• Danger of unauthorized access to the stream and hacker attacks.

The last drawback of cameras is a clear set of broadcast and audio stream formats. Therefore, it is recommended to select cameras from the same GoPro for the system as a whole. This is an added challenge for the surveillance designer.

The role of the router in the surveillance system

When building a sufficiently large monitoring structure, you cannot do without the use of routers. The main thing they do is to reduce the number of data transmission lines required to communicate with central infrastructure nodes.

The secondary purpose of such devices is to zone the structure of cameras, to facilitate the mechanics of remote access, to increase the possibilities of network addressing.

At the same time, we can consider how the surveillance system works with routers in the context of two options for setting it up.

• When dynamic addressing services are enabled in the router, it is possible to install a large number of cameras without allocating SEPARATE IPs for them within the local area network pool. This is very convenient in many cases. At the same time, using port forwarding on the router, you can provide an easy mechanic of access to the stream of each camera.
• Without an active DHCP service, the router performs, roughly speaking, the role of a hub for several streams. This is convenient for reducing the cost of connecting cameras to high-speed optical lines. For example, broadcasting from 8-16-24 (depending on the number of ports) devices can be brought into a fiber-optic communication structure using just one media converter, to which the router is connected.

On the part of the user, with the correct design of the system as a whole, the princIPle of operation of surveillance using routers will not differ in any way from the scheme and mechanics of access to separate cameras. But. this type of device provides not only flexible zoning, management and control of the overall monitoring structure, but also reducing the cost of organizing the signaling network.

In particular: the router will allow you to bypass the limitation of 100 meters of the transmission range that the Eternet cable has, it can combine the transfer mechanics (wired wireless technologies).

Features of IP equIPment operation

The basic princIPle of operation of an IP surveillance camera is no different from other devices in the east of destination.

Inside the device there is:

• Light hitting the optical system;
• Focusing the flow on a limited area of ​​the sensor;
• Converting light into electrical signals;
• Bringing data into a specific signal format;
• Transfer to head unit.

This is the princIPle of operation of a surveillance camera of any class. However, IP solutions imply high versatility, signal-to-format conversion available for direct use in computer storage systems and transmission in local or global networks.

Based on this formulation of the problem, a digital device contains many additional conversion units, as well as providing specialized functions.

How does an IP surveillance camera work. simple answers to difficult questions

The digital surveillance camera is positioned on the market as the most convenient and functional solution. It is ideal for home use or building surveillance within a small office.

With a certain amount of knowledge in design, it will show good results as part of a large-scale monitoring system. To understand how an IP surveillance camera works and what are the features of the device, it is worth considering the basic princIPles and mechanics underlying this engineering solution.

How IP surveillance cameras work

The main difference between a digital camera and an analog camera is hardware conversion and signal processing.

The first global task can be described as follows:

• After reading the data from the optical sensor, an analog signal is generated;
• The data goes to the conversion unit (roughly speaking, ADC, analog-to-digital converter)
• The received digital signal undergoes secondary processing to bring it to one of the basic formats of computer systems.

After this stage comes the second feature of how an IP surveillance camera works. Several mechanics are required to access the digital stream.

One is a local server. The task of this block of transformations is to present the data in the form the user needs. That is, it performs noise reduction, color correction, saturation, brightness-contrast and other parameters. It also provides the functionality of software motion sensors, pattern recognition and much more.

The second part of the handlers is busy translating the finished stream into the local network, as well as providing user access. The functions of such mechanics include compression with one of the codecs provided in the system, creation of an understandable web interface, reading and applying device settings, executing incoming commands.

The complexity and the number of available options depends on how a digital-grade surveillance camera works at the hardware level. However, you can describe what is happening With a few words.

In general, an IP camera represents several significant logical parts of the engineering solution and the mechanics of interaction, transformation:

• Optical system, photosensitive sensor, circuits for obtaining an analog and a unit for converting it into a digital signal;
• Conversion, encoding and compression unit;
• User interaction block, providing data in a convenient format;
• Parameter control and application block;
• Unit for interaction with the head unit, data transmission.

Conclusion

If you need a camera for your home. an IP model would be ideal. Digital solutions are also good in small offices.

But when organizing a large-scale system, you need to be prepared for a significant level of equIPment costs and the need to attract highly qualified personnel to design and configure the structure as a whole.