Features of the

A characteristic feature of the helmet camcorder is the increased water resistance of the case, because such a design is exposed to a variety of external influences, such as wind, rain, constant shaking and many other unfavorable factors.

DVRs of this type can be connected to any computer, view footage and transfer data.

As a rule, action cameras have a powerful battery, so that the device can work without recharging for up to several hours.

A good action camera for a helmet must be completely sealed, impervious to shaking and high vibration. It is important that the device is light and compact so as not to impede the user’s movements.

Reliability and practicality requirements are imposed on the microphone of the device and its lens, since sometimes such devices become proof of the user’s innocence in the event of an accident or other emergencies.

A high-quality device assumes shockproof systems, as well as special sensors, thanks to which the data is saved even in the event of serious damage to the structure itself.

Of course, action cameras shoot video much better than standard DVRs.

The only drawback of such devices is their price. the cost of even the simplest model is much higher than most other types of recorders.

Model overview

Top-selling models include several popular cameras.

Yi 4K

When this camera first appeared on the market, it was positioned as a cheap analogue of the GoPro Hero 4 Black model. This action camera was and remains the best solution for its price range.

The touch screen of the model is convenient for settings.

There is the possibility of a wireless Wi-Fi connection, while pairing with a special application for smartphones is considered one of the most reliable of all existing.

The quality of photos and videos is excellent. However, when buying such a camera, you need to keep in mind that, with a high degree of probability, you will need some additional costs. in particular, a waterproof case is not included in the basic package.

Choosing an action camera on the helmet

The action camera is capable of such shooting that the usual camcorders and modern smartphones never dreamed of. due to the increased water resistance and shock resistance of the structure, it is able to withstand truly extreme situations and the most severe operating conditions. In order for it to film everything that happens during the descent from the steep mountain, the passage of powerful river rapids on a boat, as well as when driving at high speeds on a motorcycle, it must be fixed on the headdress. In our review, we will dwell on the features of action cameras for a helmet and help you choose the best model.

GoPro Hero 6 Black

Today, GoPro is perhaps synonymous with an action camera, and one of the manufacturer’s best versions is the Hero 6 Black. Its hallmark is the powerful new GP1 processor, which has doubled the performance of the device in comparison with all previous releases.

The undoubted advantage of the Hero 6 Black is the ability to work in slow motion mode. users can shoot in 4K resolution at a given frequency of 60 frames per second.

The rest of the enhancements offer improved background sound, high quality low-light performance, and increased dynamic range. In addition, the model offers improved HDR image capture.

One of the most important improvements is considered the option of digital image stabilization, so that even in the most difficult shooting conditions and with strong shaking, the image in the frame remains as stable as possible. Of course, the detailing of frames is not at the highest level, nevertheless, it is distinguished by uniformity across all fragments. As a result, the quality of the shooting is truly stunning and vivid.

Criterias of choice

Renowned action camera manufacturers work tirelessly to improve the reliability and functionality of their DVRs. That is why the modern market offers a wide range of models with a wide variety of technical and operational characteristics. Typically, users have the following requirements for devices:

  • light weight;
  • small dimensions;
  • reliable protection against falls and mechanical damage;
  • high quality video recording;
  • the ability to record with the current date.

Important criteria include the availability of special helmet mounts, as well as an increased degree of water resistance. Such a parameter as the degree of view also plays an important role. Despite the fact that manufacturers often recommend recording video at an angle of 360 degrees, nevertheless, users consider the viewing angle not exceeding 100 degrees to be the best option, since a larger parameter does not have the best effect on video quality.

High resolution level as well as frame rate are a must for most DVRs. However, the larger they are, the higher the price. cameras with the highest resolution will cost the buyer a tidy sum.

Another fundamental factor when choosing a camera is resistance to drops and vibrations. When moving quickly or walking on uneven terrain, a poor quality camera simply will not be able to record certain moments clearly.

Pay particular attention to the battery capacity. The registrar must calmly record video for several hours offline.

Sony FDR-X3000R

This camera is one of the most expensive models on the market, but also one of the best in the world.

The high price is fully justified by the presence of the optical image stabilization function. It features a floating lens system that balances the movements and keeps the image in the frame stable. The main advantage is that image stabilization works even when shooting at 4K resolution.

The kit comes with a detachable remote control, it is possible to put it on the wrist using a special strap. this is especially convenient when the camera is mounted on a helmet.

A novelty is the ability to detach the display and fix it to any other accessories. For example, on a finger-rest. There is a waterproof case for storage. this is a rather convenient accessory in case you take the camera with you on a tourist trip.

Videos and photos captured with this camera are of the highest quality. The user can always choose options for resolution and frame rate. this characteristic is inherent only in action cameras of the highest segment.

Helmet mount types

The level of dynamic and high-quality video depends on the mounting option. The most common option for fixing an action camera is to place it on the helmet. This provides freedom of action and provides an excellent viewing angle. Fasteners suitable for motorcycle, bike and ski helmets or skateboarder helmets.

There are different types of fixation.

  • Straps. Elastic straps or elastic bands are threaded into special holes on the helmet, thus fixing the camera.
  • The articulated mount is used to obtain a wider viewing angle. The fastener has the ability to rotate 360 ​​degrees.
  • Adhesive platform. The adhesive mounts provide a secure fit for the camera. At the same time, the retainer can be used in strong winds or precipitation.

Cyclists and skiers often opt for a strap and rubber mount platform. You can also use Velcro fasteners for the helmet. Such options make it possible to change the position and viewing angle. Universal holders are suitable for various models of helmets and action cameras.

Retainers with ventilation holes are made for ski helmets. They use straps made of elastic material, which are threaded through the holes and fixed. This option can be used for bicycle helmets and skateboarders’ helmets. But it should be borne in mind that this type of fixation is not applicable to motorcycle helmets. In this case, a kind of stand is chosen, which is fixed to the surface of the helmet using double-sided tape. The swivel mount allows the camera to rotate 360 ​​degrees. And also the device has a special knee for changing position.

For a motorcycle helmet, you can choose a fixation with a turntable. There are headbands and helmet clips. For extreme conditions, special latches are made.

The hinge fasteners can only come off on impact. In order not to lose the device, it is fixed with a safety cable.

To place the retainer on the top of the helmet, choose a J-clip mount. Locking will provide an increase in the distance from the mount to the camera, and the helmet will not obstruct the view.

There are remote platforms. L-shaped design is equipped with an elbow to remove the camera. It is used in cases when it becomes necessary to remove oneself. Fastening is provided by an adhesive platform. An extension cord can also be attached to the Velcro platforms. The design will not only allow you to shoot yourself, but also capture everything that happens in the background into the frame.

How to attach an action camera to a helmet?

In order to capture the bright moments of life, you need an action camera that will create high-quality photos and videos in any extreme conditions. Manufacturers offer users a wide range of mounts for such devices, including those with a helmet. Consider the rules for their installation, as well as some recommendations of experts.

Installation rules

Before attaching the device, it is necessary to choose a place on the surface of the helmet, where the maximum contact of the retainer with the helmet will take place. Many models of safety helmets have an embossed surface. The relief can be bypassed by cutting off some parts of the adhesive platform of the retainer. This will give the best grip.

You shouldn’t mount the camera far at the back of your head. You need to choose a place for the optimal camera angle.

Before attaching the retainer, you need to clean the helmet. To do this, use a cotton pad or rag soaked in an alcoholic liquid. Strong solutions are not recommended. This can damage the coating. Such a procedure before fastening will provide a more reliable fixation on a degreased and clean surface. When using adhesive backed clips, follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

When installing the fasteners, you must press them against the helmet. This should be done carefully and the pressure should be adjusted. It is necessary to hold the device for half a minute. It is necessary to ensure that the contact of the retainer with the surface is as tight as possible. After that, the helmet is left for a day to completely dry the adhesive base.

The easiest way to attach your action camera to ski and bike helmets. They have special holes through which a belt with fasteners is threaded. Holes are located at the top or side.

Tips & Tricks

When choosing a holder for an action camera, it is recommended to additionally purchase a set of self-adhesive bases and belts for belay. If there is a moment when the device can suddenly fall off the fastener, then an additional strap will prevent it from falling. The safety base, like the platform, must be selected on 3M tape. When placing the safety base, you need to choose the optimal distance, which is selected based on the length of the cable for belay.

When choosing, you should pay attention to the presence of rubberized elements. Rubber base prevents the catch from slipping.

A curved platform is best for helmets. A high-quality platform provides a secure mount for the action camera and eliminates unnecessary vibration. At the same time, it makes the picture and video clear and pleasant to watch. Do not be afraid that the mount will fly off or come off. During production, the devices are tested at speeds up to 300 km / h. In addition, these mounts are very reliable in use underwater.

Action cameras allow you to shoot quality content in any conditions. For reliable fastening of the device, special clamps are used, which differ in the methods of fastening. The most convenient option is to mount the action camera on the helmet. This will allow you to shoot dynamic videos while motocross, cycling or skateboarding. The choice of the platform depends on the direct purpose and conditions in which the device will be used.

In the next video, you will learn how to properly attach an action camera to a ski helmet.

How to properly attach your GoPro to your helmet?

Do you like to ride your motorcycle, bike or board? Then of course you’ll want to attach your GoPro action camera to your helmet. because it is an essential attribute of any extreme activity.

Today we will talk about the best and safer way to attach an action camera to any protective helmet so that you can safely ride with your camera without fear of losing it.

Training
The most important thing in case of sticking any GoPro mounts with adhesive tape. it is the clean and grease-free surface of the helmet itself. Therefore, we take a cotton pad or soft cloth, moisten it with a solvent or alcohol-containing solution (too coarse liquids can damage the paintwork of the helmet).

And slowly we clean the surface of the helmet from all dirt, dirt, sand and dust.

We also need a regular home hair dryer to dry our hair. put it next.

We take such a pad, separate one of the protective layers (if you have a separate pad and a separate adhesive base,) and begin to heat this side with a hairdryer from a close distance for 2 to 5 minutes. The glue should become very sticky. this will improve the quality of bonding the pad to the helmet, which will increase its service life.

Then we take our adhesive base (or the pad together with the base, if it is glued to it from the factory) and glue it on the helmet, pressing it evenly from all sides and constantly smoothing it, firmly pressing the adhesive base to the helmet for 3-5 minutes. Make sure that the platform is flat on all sides.

Then, if in your case the adhesive base and the site itself are not aligned from the factory, we tear off the protective layer on the other side and also heat it with a hairdryer for 2 to 5 minutes. And already on it we glue our curved platform for GoPro, also pressing it with force to the platform itself.

This completes the most important gluing process. Helmet can be put aside for now.

How to attach the GoPro action camera itself to the helmet?
To mount the GoPro on a helmet, we need a latch from the factory kit.

Also, we highly recommend getting the extension cords that come with your GoPro from the factory.

The latch mount fits into the platform itself until a distinct click.

And our extension cords help increase the distance from the platform itself to the camera. in our case, it was very important, since the visor of the helmet could interfere with shooting, blocking the frame.

Or change the tilt of the camera (convenient to use if you want to mount your GoPro in the ear part of the helmet).

We correlate all the information above with our situation. whether or not to use extension cords depends on the specific helmet and where you mount your GoPro action camera.

How did we do it and additional insurance
We took such a swivel helmet mount, extension cords, and a safety pad for the helmet.

How to mount action camera on helmet

The safety pad is not expensive at all, but it will be able to save your camera in case the camera is ripped from the main mount, it will remain hanging on the safety pad.

One of the parts of the extension serves as a retaining element, which is screwed to the box.

When gluing the safety pad, select the optimal distance from the main attachment to the pad itself, in the case of using an extension cord, measure whether the length of the cable is enough for you.

This is how our helmet turned out, we used only one extension section, since we have a swivel mount, which makes it possible to choose any direction.

We really hope that our tutorial will help all GoPro users who are faced with the question “How to attach a GoPro action camera to a helmet?”.

Also, for an even more detailed description of the process of gluing the GoPro mount to the helmet, we shot a special training video:

Attaching the Action Camera to the helmet

You can mount the Action Camera wherever you want with a wide range of GoPro mounts. In order not to get confused in a large selection of mounts, we have prepared a special overview article so that you know how and where you can attach your GoPro.

Mount Action Cameras GoPro, SjCam, Xiaomi on a helmet.

Perhaps the simplest and most popular camera mount. You can attach the Action Camera to the helmet using a special strap that is threaded through the ventilated holes on the helmet and tightened so that the camera remains stationary. Such a mount is able to withstand all your extreme

What types of photography is the helmet-mounted camera used for? This mount received a lot of love from bicycle bikers. The camera is fixed for any helmet size and does not interfere with movement. Shooting from this angle is very interesting because the view comes from the first person, as if the viewer sees everything with your eyes. In a helmet, it is not only convenient to arrange a downhill downhill on a bike, but also to ride a bike with a breeze.

Helmet mount types for motorcycle helmet, bike helmet and paintball game

Motorcycle helmet mount Action Cameras GoPro

To begin with, it’s worth dividing motorcycles into 2 types. it is road and off road. Accordingly, they will have different mounts.

Road bikes can run at very high speeds and can cause discomfort when the mount is in the wrong position. For high speeds, a standard curved adhesive pad and a turntable are ideal. Due to the low base of the mount, there will be little air resistance and no discomfort. We recommend fixing them on the top of the head.

For motocross and off-road conquest, adhesive pads are also suitable, but already with additional sections for adjusting the angle of inclination. We recommend placing the camera in the ear part, as a branch can demolish the camera on the top of the head and you will not even notice it.

The most optimal for cyclists. It is fastened with a strap through the vents in the helmet. The mount is very reliable and at the same time you can always remove it, unlike glued platforms. But if your helmet has no holes and is not ventilated, then you can also use adhesive platforms. sites.

Action Camera mount for jumping and rope jumping.

Here you can “play” with the fastening options, since the external mount on the helmet “works out” very well. it allows you to shoot not only what is happening ahead, but all the emotions that are displayed on the face, believe me. it’s worth it! It is not recommended to use additional sections in this area, as in the motorcycle area there is air resistance and high speeds, and all structures between the camera and the platform can cause the loss of the GoPro during the jump.

Helmet mount for winter sports.

A standard curved platform that is glued to the helmet will do. At the same time, it is not recommended to glue the platform with the camera on the ear part, since if it falls, this can cause additional injury.

For example, you decided to go water skiing and for this you put on a helmet and decided to attach a GoPro camera to it. We recommend using adhesive platforms as they have a low base and the camera will not fly off or sink if dropped into water. We do not recommend using mounts with additional sections, as they will create excessive pressure when dropped into the water and may fly off. In order not to lose the camera, we advise you to attach a float to it as well. Then there is no need to worry that the camera will sink. the yellow float can be seen from afar and it will not be difficult to find the camera in the water.

Action Camera mount for playing paintball (airsoft)

HOW TO MOUNT YOUR ACTION CAMERA ON A HELMET IN JUST 5 MINUTES?(SJCAM/GoPro) #10

Regarding airsoft. you have already been taken care of and all you need is a special base for a night vision device to which a GoPro mount for an army helmet is attached.

Popular methods and fasteners for attaching to a helmet:

  • Helmet strap for GoPro. Suitable for all helmets with air vents.
  • Adhesive pads for attachment to the Action Camera helmet. Thanks to the curved pad and adhesive tape, they easily attach to any curved surface such as a helmet. Simply select a mounting location, remove the protective film and press firmly against a clean helmet surface

  • Swivel platform. helmet pad. The material and the mounting system are the same as for the described platform, but this mount can also rotate 360 ​​degrees. With the help of a special latch, you can fix the selected angle and position, which is much more convenient than the fixed position of the camera.

  • Outboard helmet mount. Allows you to get a unique view and shooting angle. Now all your emotions will be captured by Action Camera.

How to properly glue the platform to the helmet?

To keep your camera securely on your helmet, we advise you to follow these simple rules:

  • The surface of the helmet must be perfectly cleaned and degreased.
  • The surface of the pad should fit snugly against the surface of the helmet, for this, make every effort to press down.
  • The platform mount should only be glued to the plastic part.
  • It is worth glueing only at positive temperatures, in the absence of high humidity and dust.
  • After touching, hold the pad for a couple of minutes (2-3 minutes) so that the glue adheres well.

We recommend that you warm up the adhesive surface with a hairdryer for about a minute before gluing. The glue will become liquid and viscous, which will allow the platform to be practically “tightly” fixed.

Whichever mount you choose. it will securely mount your Action Camera to the helmet and capture whatever you want. Our consultants are always ready to help you or suggest which mount is right for your purposes. Come directly with your helmet to choose a more suitable Action Camera helmet mount.

Universal bike mounts.

They are installed both on the handlebars, seat posts, bicycle feathers, and on the frame or handlebar stem:

  • Installed quickly and easily (suitable for girls).
  • Provides compatibility with different camera models without adapters.
  • Gives a wide variety of angles.
  • Fairly strong backlash.
  • Low durability of the swing mechanism.
  • Will not capture every frame.
  • Quickly and easily installed using a clip without additional bolts (one might say, a female mount).
  • Provides a wide range of possible mounting diameters.
  • Gives a wide variety of angles.
  • Fairly strong backlash.
  • Can slide in a circle (it is advisable to initially install the camera upside down).

Important:
– universal mounts are not used for extreme riding!
– it is recommended to use a safety cable.

Action Camera Sony AZ1 MIN POV HD

The brand name of this camera should give you enough reason to believe that this is a truly impressive choice. This is Sony’s smallest waterproof action camera. It has five video modes and comes with a premium ZEISS S lens with a 170-degree shooting angle. In addition, the Exmor CMOS sensor improves image clarity while reducing graininess.

When taking pictures while cycling, you often end up with blurry images, especially in the case of video. This is not a problem for this camera, it features advanced SteadyShot image stabilization technology.

This action camera is IPX4 waterproof, so it is resistant to rain and splashing water. Nevertheless, you cannot use the camera in heavy rain, however, as well as completely immerse it in water.

Where is it better to install an action camera on a bicycle, mounting methods

Fans of extreme sports are increasingly interested in how to attach an Action Camera to a head or a protective helmet. Conventional video cameras and smartphones are hardly suitable for such cases. In addition, they are inconvenient to use for first-person video filming. The best solution here would be a special GoPro camera or an analog from another manufacturer. The challenge is how to install this standard device on a helmet so that the video is recorded from the desired viewing angle.

Action camera GoPro Hero Session Black

When listing the best action cameras that you can use for shooting while cycling, the GoPro is one that cannot be ignored. Hero Session Black is the junior representative in this company’s product line. The camera looks more like a cube, but in terms of performance and feature set, it is powerful. It weighs only 72 grams, so it will not be a burden for you when cycling.

attach, action, camera, helmet

This action camera is more affordable than other GoPro models, but it has shooting capabilities that will be difficult to compete with. The camera’s sensor has a pixel density of 1440 pixels per inch for crisp images and can record at up to 100 frames per second. For photos, the maximum resolution is 8 megapixels.

One of the best things about the Hero Session action camera is that it is waterproof even without a case. No extra waterproof case. nothing adds to the weight of the camera. No need to worry even when cycling on a rainy day.

If you’re looking for an uncompromising camera, then the GoPro Hero Session Black is a great choice. Just press the shutter button and the camera will start recording on its own.

Vehicle mounts

You can mount the action camera on two-wheeled vehicles in a variety of places:

  • windshield;
  • in the area of ​​the engine;
  • on the steering wheel;
  • on the tank;
  • at the rear of the motorcycle.

The main method of attaching the camera to a motorcycle is with a Velcro or a suction cup. In general, you can mount the device anywhere, except for unstable places and areas with strong heating. fenders above the wheels, exhaust pipe. In addition to the suction cup, you can attach the camera to the steering wheel using a special mount that is put on the handle and is simply pulled together with special bolts. Similarly, the device is fixed to a bicycle frame or handlebar.

When snowboarding, there are two main ways to mount the camera. on the helmet or directly on the snowboard. The first option is more reliable, but the second will allow you to get a more dynamic image of the trigger.

The device is installed on the car using a platform with a suction cup or Velcro. The camera can be placed anywhere. glass, bumper, roof, door.

In addition to the above mounts, there are universal cables for fixing the camera in the palm of your hand, as well as a clothespin that will allow you to attach the camera to clothing.

Another popular mounting method is a monopod. It is convenient to hold the camera with it, and you can also shoot yourself from a short distance or change the shooting scene.

Where to mount the camera

Action camera holders are designed to be fixed on the body, equipment or on a helmet to provide shooting without the need to hold the device and generally be distracted by it. Like the camera itself, good mounts are resistant to water, cold, dirt, or shock. Of course, different mounting methods may be inapplicable due to climate peculiarities, for example, using a suction cup in a hot and dusty place is not always convenient.

Depending on how you plan to use the device, the type of attachment is also chosen. a suction cup, a bracket, a Velcro, a belt clip, elastic bands, a rotary mechanism. The manufacturer answers the question of how to fix the camera in the instructions for the device, but when choosing a place, several points should be taken into account:

  • what angle of view is needed;
  • how much the camera should not interfere with the freedom of movement;
  • the ability to control the camera during shooting;
  • composition.

Based on this, the clamps are conventionally divided according to the place of attachment:

Body mounts

The main options for fastening on the body are on the chest, on the shoulder, on the arm. All body straps look like elastic straps.

When attaching to the shoulder, the retainer is used more rigid. Most often, such mounts are used for hunting, fishing, or during online broadcasting. The device is within reach, while it does not restrict movement and leaves your hands free.

A chest strap is the best way to stabilize your image. Suitable for runners, two-wheelers. This type of mount is one of the most versatile, and with its help it is very easy to avoid a jumping picture.

The downside is that the camera must be initially installed so that it looks where it needs to be. Unlike the position on the head, the lens will constantly change the angle of inclination, and quite often, if the camera is incorrectly positioned, nothing is recorded on the video except for the steering wheel of a motorcycle or bicycle.

In this case, it is easier for runners, as their device looks directly in front of itself.

There are situations when it is impossible to attach the camera to the chest or head due to the use of special equipment. Climbers, divers, parachutists attach special equipment to their chests, so an arm mount was created for them. The principal difference from the chest or shoulder version is the ability to rotate 360 ​​degrees and thinner straps.

Swivel mount

Perfect for those who record video while on the move at high speed. A special device allows you to rotate the camera at any angle and direction without having to take off your helmet.

These mounts are particularly durable as users often shoot in high wind conditions. For this, the manufacturer recommends fixing the camera to the side.

Which platform to choose for an action camera?

Fastening is done manually, so you need to be especially careful. Give preference to well-known manufacturers whose products have at least 3 m of tape at the base.Remember that all helmets have a rounded shape, so opt for platforms with a curved base.

It is very important to find a suitable platform and secure it properly. It depends on whether there will be vibration during video recording, how clear the video will be and how pleasant it is to watch. How to attach the platform to the helmet:

  • Examine the helmet carefully and find the smoothest surface (only a plastic base is used for attachment). It is possible that only the occipital part will be the place without ribbed planes (and in this case it is useless to fix the action camera). Trim off excess adhesive backing and select the most suitable location for the foreshortening.
  • Before sticking, be sure to clean the area of ​​dirt and dust. We recommend that you take a dry cloth and moisten it with a solution of alcohol. If the surface is degreased and clean, then long-term fixing is ensured. Do not use solvents as they can damage the helmet coating.
  • Remove the film from the platform and press down on the selected area. Pressing force matters more than contact time (many manufacturers recommend holding no more than 30-45 seconds).
  • Do not use the helmet for its intended purpose within 24 hours. During this time, the glue will adhere to the base of the helmet, and the platform will become stable.

How to attach an action camera with a strap

The easiest and most inexpensive way to mount on a camera, and is in demand among cyclists. To do this, you need to thread a belt that tightens in special ventilated holes located on the top of the helmet or on the side. The camera will be securely fixed and will remain stationary. Models in the mid-price segment have a special anti-slip gasket.

This type of mount will not only avoid losing the camera, but will also help withstand any extreme tests.

What types of slap mounts are there for action cameras

  • straps;
  • hinge mount;
  • extension;
  • with adhesive platform.

Extension

The extension cord is chosen by those who are engaged in alpine skiing and snowboarding. The device is attached to the front, while fixing what is happening behind the athlete’s back. This type of attachment has a special outrigger design, which allows you to remove, as it were, from above and at an angle.

Action camera on the helmet: which mount to choose?

Action cameras are in great demand among consumers as they are ideal for recording videos. The device captures every movement, eliminates the need to hold the camera in your hands, is portable and does not take up much space. Best suited for use in extreme conditions.

Those who often shoot POV videos know the role of the mount. The result is dynamic and high-quality video. One of the most reliable ways to secure your action camera is to place it on your helmet. How to do this, and will be discussed in this article.

There are many ways to fix an action camera. The only rule that must be adhered to is the choice of the most suitable mounting option, depending on the area in which the action camera is used.

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