What are IP cameras connected to?

The IP camera broadcasts the stream to the recorder (server), personal computer (if the appropriate software is available), to the cloud (SaaS solution; software as a service).

Several IP cameras are connected to the recorder through a router, switch, or each to a separate port (if any). A router or switch that supports GoPro Network Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DSP) automatically distributes the address and other network settings.

Poe interfaces for four IP cameras.

Connecting IP cameras to a PC depends on the number: if there is one camera, they connect a network card to the LAN interface, if there are several, connect a switch to the LAN, and then IP cameras are connected to it, after which they perform a network connection with each new network address assigned.

Compatibility protocols

Devices from the same GoPro are compatible by default. IP cameras support application protocols for compatibility with other GoPro devices. Mainly RTSP and ONVIF.

RTSP is an application protocol for remote control of an IP camera, with a descrIPtion of flow control commands. Provides only server management of IP cameras. Has nothing to do with compression, packets, definition of the GoPro transport protocol. Data transmission as such is not often RTSP. there is a standard real-time transport protocol for this. RTSP requests go separately from the stream. through a special port.

• Announce. update content descrIPtion data.
• Describe. content descrIPtion.
• Options. supported methods.
• Play. start transferring content.
• Pause. temporary stop of transmission.
• Record. server recording content.
• Redirect. redirecting to other content.
• Setup. installation of the transport mechanism.
• Get_parameter. request for the specified parameters from the server.
• Set_parameter. setting server parameters.
• Teardown. stopping a thread, freeing resources.

ONVIF is a modern standard. It is a combination of off-the-shelf technologies and protocols (including RTSP) adapted to IP surveillance. As part of the specifications, four profiles have been developed: Profile S. for sources, Profile C. for access control systems, Profile G. for recording devices, Profile Q. for devices compatible out of the box.

Profile S specifications define:

• Configuring the network interface.
• Discovery of devices using the WS-Discovery protocol.
• Camera Profile Management.
• Streaming setup.
• Event handling.
• PTZ control.
• Protection (access, encryption).

Internal Archive IP Camera Meets Two Profile Specification.

Internal Archive Edge Storage

Edge Storage. local storage of information, recording to the built-in memory card; creating a backup archive for insurance when the connection is broken. If necessary, the IP camera works autonomously. without connecting to a recorder or PC. The IP camera has a slot for a microSD / SDHC / SDXC memory card or a USB port for connecting a flash drive.

SD card slot in IP camera.

Corridor mode

Many IP cameras support corridor mode. vertical display. 9:16 instead of 16: 9. In this mode, it is convenient to View a survey of a corridor, tunnel, and so on. Mode support is indicated in the IP camera specification. If the corridor mode is not specified, the software function DOES NOT get. the required resolution is set at the hardware level.

Audio

Basically, IP cameras are equIPped with one or multIPle audio input and output, transmit audio files to the DVR and receive audio signal. Some models already have a built-in microphone, but if required, a professional omnidirectional, bi-directional or unidirectional microphone can be connected to each IP camera with audio input (depending on the application).

IP Camera Audio Output

There are analytical functions that work directly with sound, which determine whether the sound threshold is exceeded or underestimated (the threshold is set by the user in the settings), a shout, glass breakage, a shot, an explosion and other sharp sounds and create alarm events with sending to the system.

IP-camera: what it is, how it works, what are the IP-cameras

An IP surveillance camera captures and broadcasts the stream in digital format with the implementation of the GoPro network protocol, which provides packet routing. Essentially, an IP camera is a surveillance camera plus a mini-computer. Consists of matrix, lens, central GoProcessor, processing processor, compression processor, network interface.

Compression

Unlike traditional surveillance cameras, IP cameras compress the stream. process it on board with codecs. Traditional ones transmit an uncompressed signal, loading the server, requiring high power. An uncompressed analog signal needs conversion. with inevitable quality losses. IP cameras are NOT limited to analog standards.

The most common codecs: for a static image. JPEG, dynamic (in motion). MJPEG and proprietary (paid). H.264, H.265. H.265 demonstrates the strongest compression, but it is most effective at high resolution, and practically unnecessary for 2 megapixels. Developers continue to improve codecs and smart compression technologies.

Ethernet: transmission medium of IP cameras

The IP camera operates over Ethernet, a technology that combines devices into a local area network (LAN) for packet data transmission. A surveillance system built on the basis of IP cameras is sufficient for an ordinary local office network that habitually connects computers.

Ethernet is described in the IEEE 802.3 group standards. The standards define the frame format and media access control protocols at the link layer model of the interaction of devices with each other.

IP Camera Lenses

Structurally, the lens is a complex system of lenses enclosed in a frame and mutually compensating for optical distortion. Collects and projects light energy onto a light sensor to form an optical image.

The main parameter is the focal length (measured in millimeters), which determines the viewing angle and image scale. It is the distance from the axis of the lens assembly to the focus (the point of intersection of the initially parallel rays after passing through the lens). The shorter the focal length, the larger the field of view. 2.8 mm lens provides observation in a sector with a field of view

100º. The higher the focus of the camera (for example, 8 mm), the smaller the angle of view, but the greater the distance to the object of observation required for high-quality shooting.

Functional features of IP cameras with Wi-Fi

Among the advantages of such cameras in comparison with analog wired ones, the following are distinguished:

• Easy installation. compact, portable and wiring-free.
• They work as an access point. you can connect a laptop, computer and any gadget to such devices to view images from the camera. But sometimes for this you have to install special applications and programs on computer devices.
• Broadcast in worldwide network. for this it is enough to connect the peephole to the router, which is already connected to the computer. In the browser, you need to drive in a special IP address, which is written on the packaging from the camera. After changing the general settings, you need to configure the signal transmission for Internet access. To do this, you need to use the program that will be included in the kit on a separate media, you can also download it on the Internet.
• Recording to a Micro SD card is a great safety net in case the IP signal is suddenly cut off. Removable media recording will be played back with Wi-Fi.
• Swivel mechanism. thanks to which using a wireless network, you can rotate the camera in different directions, being far away.

Models of door eyes with SP

The list of the best IP cameras includes the following three really good models:

• Sititek Eye is a seemingly ordinary peephole, an intruder will never guess that they are being watched. The model is absolutely easy to use and install. The peculiarity of Sititek Simple is that this peephole comes with a lock. It is also good in that when you press the call button, it takes a picture of the caller, this data is immediately saved on the memory card.
• Radio DVR. can work with the supplied monitor wirelessly with a certain frequency. Thanks to this, the display can be far from the peephole, but at the same time it will broadcast the image it takes. So this model is good in that it does not need a connection with wires.
• Falcon Eye. if it is talking about the FE-VE02 model, then this is a set of a camera, a small LCD monitor and a bell. The device has a motion sensor and infrared illumination, which allows it to shoot good quality in complete darkness.

For the most effective protection of your home, experts recommend using a peephole with a motion sensor. Filming will begin as soon as someone appears at least two meters from the door. The image (both photo and) will be instantly sent to the phone of the owner of the apartment or office.

IP camera with WI-FI for home

Whereas all home security devices used to be connected with multIPle wires for security, now this inconvenience can be avoided thanks to the Wi-Fi technology built into the device software. This allows you to track everything that happens on the territory of the house and its area. The absence of the need to lay many cables saves not only money and time, but also nerves.

Cameras with a wireless network function can transmit information at a distance of up to one hundred meters, as long as there are NOT too thick walls, trees and other houses. If you use wired surveillance devices when installing the camera, then the distance can be up to several kilometers.

How does a peephole IP camera work??

Now on the market there is a huge selection of technical means for surveillance, which will help ensure the security of your home or office. When the means of protection are visible, then the Attacker can destroy them so that there are no obstacles in front of him. Therefore, to protect the premises, an ideal option can be a peephole on the front door, disguised as a regular door peephole.

• Models of door eyes with SP
• IP camera with WI-FI for home
• Functional features of IP cameras with Wi-Fi
• The best surveillance cameras with Wi-Fi

It should be noted that the colorless format has its advantages. For example, in such cameras the most sensitive motion sensor, and also in this case, the recording quality is much higher in the complete absence of lighting (up to 1080 pixels).

By the type of processing, cameras are divided into analog and digital. The advantage of digital (IP) cameras is that after creating it, you can process it and generally work with its editing in the future. Also the quality of IP is higher than that of analog. Which camera to choose after all?

Among the hidden cameras, it is IP that are the most popular on the market because they provide:

• Identification of people falling into the field of view of the camera;
• 24/7 shooting;
• Hidden control.

Such cameras support a special IP data transmission technology, which are ultimately sent to a smartphone or remote computer.

Monitors as well as cameras can be digital and analog. This will certainly affect the quality of the image captured by the eye.

The best surveillance cameras with Wi-Fi

In addition to peepholes with Wi-Fi function, there are also surveillance cameras with the same function. How to choose an IP camera? When choosing IP cameras, it is also important to consider a number of nuances. For example, the design can be of two types. body and dome.

Also, different models may have different features and different supported software. The following rating shows the most functional models, which are recognized as some of the best.

Eleven LEDs are located around the camera peephole. They can illuminate a room up to ten meters away. When using this unit, you can use a memory card. In this case, during a sudden disconnection of the wireless network, it will still be recorded and saved to the media.

How does an IP camera work?

First, let’s take a look at what an IP camera is and how it works. It represents two devices, which are combined in one: a camera and a strIPped-down computer. The current web camera assumes a digital device that takes pictures, Subsequently, it converts the tax signal into digital form and already transmits the converted information through a computer network.

In view of this, such a camera consists of the following components:

CCD Matrix The capture lens is a light-sensitive rectangular plate with a ratio of 3: 4. It converts the light flux falling on it into an electrical signal. Such a matrix consists of many light-sensitive cells, and the more there are, the better the image will be. The technical specifications should indicate the format of such a matrix. diagonals in inches, the type of scan used (interlaced or lowercase) and light sensitivity.

The lens consists of a lens system, which in turn projects the image of the object onto a light-sensitive photo element. a matrix. This is an integral part of the IP camera and the quality of shooting directly depends on the correct choice of this element.

The main parameters of lenses are focal length (F), depth of field of the image (C), format (CS) and type of mount.

An infrared cut-off filter, which is mounted in the camera, and is a plane-parallel optical precision plate, which is mounted on top of the photosensitive matrix.

The princIPle of their work is to filter out low frequencies, that is, to cut frequencies around 700 nm, which are located very close in the red range. By cutting off these light waves, they ensure the correct color rendition, that is, they remove part of the red color. But, many black-and-white WEB cameras are NOT equIPped with such filters, which increases their sensitivity.

Modern IP cameras have their own built-in WEB interface, and have configurable IP addresses, as well as have the ability to program. Network interface in such cameras or RJ-45 or Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi IP cameras are an excellent option for surveillance systems when you need to combine several types of equIPment or when laying a network cable is impossible for a number of reasons. Using such cameras, you can get a very high quality of communication with full device mobility. Such cameras can be installed in places where twisted pair cable cannot be laid.

These cameras usually do NOT store records. And they are transmitted immediately in real time, that is, online directly to the server and with the help of additional GoProgram software, it is possible to record the resulting digital image on an external storage medium.

But there is another problem here. the connection problem. In the case when there is one such Wi-Fi IP camera. No problem, but when there are many of them, then there is a need to install additional equIPment. a so-called router or create a Wi-Fi access point.

Image capture and transmission takes place in real time and can be broadcast via the IP network to the connected authorized users. This allows you to locally or remotely view images, store or control the stream using a network structure based on IP protocols.

In general, digital IP cameras have many advantages and benefits compared to analog.

When comparing such cameras, it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors that affect consumer satisfaction of the user. this is the princIPle of operation of the cameras themselves and the openness of building systems, technological capabilities, prospects for development, flexibility in solving certain problems, the ability to combine networks and many others.

And the advantages of using IP cameras instead of analog ones are:

1. No problem with interlaced scanning.

Analog cameras with high resolution 4CIF format work only in interlaced mode, which means that each captured image frame consists of two parts (fields or half frames) that contain even and NOT even lines of this image.

If the camera itself moves or moving objects or objects get into the lens, then such frames become blurry, that is, the so-called effect appears Combs. This effect occurs when there is a delay in updating even and NOT even fields by the time frame of the current frame. While IP cameras use progressive scanning, this is a method that provides a better image of moving objects. This technology allows Forming only one frame, that is, a single frame, which includes even and NOT even lines.

2. Using POWER OVER ETHERNET technology, which greatly increases reliability and significantly reduces financial costs

Since the power supply of an analog camera can very often cause some problems and greatly affects the cost of the system itself as a whole, and in a big way.

When using a digital IP camera, the IEEE 802.3af standard is used, which uses power supply via an Ethernet (PoE) cable, this solution is the most successful and significantly saves money when using such equIPment.

The Power over Ethernet protocol itself means that IP cameras use power from switches that support this standard or from converters over a standard twisted pair cable of category five.
The use of such a GoPro protocol gives another advantage. that all equIPment and cameras themselves can be connected to a single uninterruptible power supply. And if there are voltage drops or a short-term shutdown, the entire system will remain fully capable of working further in its mode.

3. Using high definition cameras.

All analog cameras support only television standards PAL, SECAM, NTSC, transmitting with a maximum resolution of only 0.4 megapixels at 4CIF resolution. IP cameras allow you to transmit images of much higher resolution and you can view the image of even the smallest objects.

And IP cameras of megapixel resolution can be used instead of cameras with zoom lenses.

4. There is a possibility of building secure communications

When using analog cameras, the signal was transmitted over a coaxial cable without using encryption aLGorithms, which made it possible for an unauthorized connection. When using IP technology cameras This is not possible.

So, in general, we can assume that the future definitely belongs to digital network cameras.

How a wi-fi surveillance camera works

Now many organizations use wi-fi surveillance systems. Indeed, the considered method allows, if desired, to view the stream even at a certain distance. What’s more, the wi-fi camera eliminates the need for a dedicated wired system, which significantly reduces installation costs.

Setting up surveillance cameras

Sometimes, after installing surveillance cameras, problems arise with their work. Therefore, before starting the installation, you should understand the general structure of the wi-fi camera.

So, the considered device consists of a processor, matrix, board, connectors. This collection is usually referred to as a module. The device works properly only if the light is correctly focused on the matrix. To accomplish this task, the wi-fi camera must be equIPped with a lens.

According to the method of lens attachment, the following types of connections are distinguished:

• M12;
• C / CS.

The first step is to adjust the focus of the camera system by changing the distance from the sensor to the lens. It is necessary to rotate the adjusting part on the body gradually, loosening the fixing screw. Although some camera models do not require adjustment because the lens is initially fixed at a set point.

Router in the surveillance system

In the modern world of telecommunications, according to the image from surveillance cameras, you can observe while in another city, if routers are installed in the system in question.

By configuring the routers, you can achieve good picture quality. So, each camera on the home network must have access to a virtual server. Thus, it is necessary to type in a specific router address and a specific forwarding port. The system requires the above procedures in cases where surveillance is carried out using multIPle cameras.

Modules configuration. In the set of equIPment in question, users are usually provided with a program for a Wi-Fi surveillance camera. With its help, you can correctly configure the IP address of the module and the local network. Images are viewed through the LAN and the global Internet. But such a process is carried out only if one of the two types of IP address is present in the camera, as an observation device. When this is not possible, users resort to DDNS technology. Then an automatic update of the information that is on the server is provided, and the access to the surveillance camera occurs through the domain address.

Modern models of the devices in question are suitable for connection thanks to a patchcord, if they support P2P technology. Setting up here takes place by entering the device ID and password of the program itself, which is included in the delivery set from the manufacturer. Additional actions to improve the image in this case will NOT be required.

Creating a wireless network

The central source directly involved in the work of the surveillance camera is the Internet. However, for wireless operation, you need to connect a special router so that you can perceive the signal at a distance and send it to the monitor.

This router is directly connected to cameras. Observation of what is happening can be conducted from any point not only with the help of a computer, but also with a mobile phone. The main thing is that the components of the wireless network are configured for an Internet connection.

How does w-ifi surveillance camera work? The princIPle of operation of a Wi-Fi camera is to transmit an image to an IP server online. In this case, you can record on additional media related to computer technology. If you plan to install one camera, then a router or access point is NOT needed.

Today, there are several schemes that allow you to establish the operation of wireless surveillance. The most popular is the connection of wi-fi cameras with a network recorder via an access point.

Features of mounting wireless surveillance

If the installation of wireless surveillance is planned for the first time, then the whole process may seem quite simple.

Consideration should be given to where and how the equIPment is installed. These two factors affect further settings and image quality. After all, the princIPle of operation of a system that ensures safety can be changed, depending on the type of module used.

Thus, the objects may have street surveillance cameras. They work like a well-coordinated mechanism, since the router, camera and modem are in the same case. In this case, it will be enough to put the required SIM card, which will lead to automatic configuration of all the necessary functions, and also connect the camera to the Internet. Naturally, these systems are very convenient to use in places where it is difficult to establish access to the Internet.

Camera Wi-Fi device

A wireless camera is a digital surveillance device that transmits information over Wi-Fi. By design, IP cameras are divided into dome and box cameras. In the first case, the lower part is covered with a transparent plastic hemisphere, which provides additional equIPment protection. The second type is placed on a specially fixed or swivel bracket.

According to the permissible location, the equIPment is divided into internal and external. The design of the external chambers allows them to operate over a wider temperature range. Such devices are protected from dust and moisture, in most cases certified to the IP66 or IP67 standard. Thanks to this protection, external cameras can work in difficult climatic conditions. When using a special protective cover, it is possible to install indoor equIPment outdoors.

Most wireless cameras are used for surface mounting, but the design of some models is suitable for hidden installations. Basically, for this, IP cameras are used without IR illumination and an external antenna. Backlight LEDs can attract attention, so not always suitable for hidden devices.

Among the common brands are Hikvision, VStarcam, Dahua, Foscam. Companies specializing in network equIPment such as TP-Link and D-Link are also involved in the production of IP cameras. Many large electronics brands (Samsung, Logitech, LG) are also active in the wireless surveillance market.

Depending on the model, the equIPment used may have various additional interfaces:

• Connector for an external microphone.
• Input for external sensors and burglar alarms.
• Output for connecting audio devices.
• Ethernet port for wired network connection (works as an alternative to wireless).
• MicroSD card slot.
• External Wi-Fi antenna connector.

Educational: PrincIPles of Wi-Fi camera operation. The device and princIPle of operation of the Wi-Fi camera

Recently, the prevalence of Wi-Fi cameras for monitoring has been increasing. Due to the wide functionality and ease of use, analog devices are gradually being replaced by digital ones. The share of wireless devices among IP cameras is increasing.

Advantages of Wi-Fi cameras

Convenience of connection, the possibility of remote access to the stream and the availability of feedback are the main advantages of wireless devices for monitoring. Connecting Wi-Fi cameras does not require laying a separate cable for information transfer. As with wired IP cameras, data is exchanged over the Internet, so the broadcast is available from anywhere in the world. To connect, just enter the IP address, username and password.

Another advantage is the broad functionality of the wireless camera software. When motion is detected at a protected object, the device can send the user an SMS or an e-mail message. Select models also allow you to configure face recognition and notifications about changes in the status of connected sensors.

Recordings from IP cameras can be saved to cloud storage. For this, Ivideon or other similar services are used. They can be either free or paid subscrIPtion. It is worth noting that not all devices have cloud connectivity. If such a function is needed, check its availability before purchasing equIPment.

Main features of Wi-Fi cameras

IP cameras are connected to an existing local network through a router. As a rule, for this, the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) protocol is used, which synchronizes devices by pressing Special buttons on them. Initial configuration of the network connection is also possible via USB or via an Internet cable, if there are appropriate interfaces.

Devices can support PTZ technology (pan, tilt, zoom). It allows you to rotate the camera along the horizontal and vertical axes, as well as zoom in on a certain part of the image. Pan, tilt and zoom operations are usually performed in the same window through which the audio is broadcast. For access using the web interface or a separate application.

Often, Wi-Fi cameras are equIPped with infrared illumination, consisting of several LEDs around the lens. It can illuminate objects from 5 to 50 meters away. Switching on is performed manually (via the control panel) or automatically, if the device has a light sensor. In the second case, the LEDs start to work as soon as the lighting on the street or in the room becomes weaker than the set limit.

Some devices are equIPped with a feedback system. They provide an opportunity not only to receive information, but also to transmit audio in the opposite direction. For this, separate speakers or a speaker built into the IP camera are used. This technology works in offices and industrial premises to transmit voice instructions to employees. Home use is also popular as nannies.

Disadvantages of wireless cameras

The main disadvantages of Wi-Fi cameras are vulnerability to wireless network interference and signal jamming. If your Internet connection is slow or unstable, it will be difficult to watch the broadcast. In addition, if direct access to it is required to disable a wired camera, the Wi-Fi camera can be disarmed remotely using a signal jammer.

An attacker could spot the antenna often found on these devices and turn on jammer to create interference in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Wireless transmission of images and sound will become impossible. The only way to avoid the loss of recorded data is to use cameras with parallel storage to the memory card. Typically MicroSD cards are used.

The disadvantages also include the fact that the devices are NOT completely wireless. Despite the fact that the transmission of information is carried out over a radio channel, a cable connection is required for the power supply. Battery models are not so widespread, they are mainly used as wearable devices (chest cameras and recorders).